𝐔𝐧𝐞𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐘𝐞𝐭 𝐔𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐩𝐩𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞: 𝐑𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐤𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐓𝐡𝐞𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐀𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐢𝐧 𝐀𝐜𝐭𝐬 𝟒:𝟏𝟑
𝐑𝐞𝐟𝐫𝐚𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐈𝐠𝐧𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 : 𝐀𝐜𝐭𝐬 𝟒 : 𝟏𝟑 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐃𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐨𝐬𝐨𝐩𝐡𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐒𝐩𝐢𝐫𝐢𝐭 - 𝐋𝐞𝐝 𝐋𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐚𝐫𝐥𝐲 𝐂𝐡𝐮𝐫𝐜𝐡 (Integrating Allen Hilton, Chris Keith, and Jeff Reed for a New Paradigm of Theological Education) “Now when they saw the boldness of Peter and John, and perceived that they were uneducated, common men, they were astonished. And they recognized that they had been with Jesus.” — Acts 4:13 This singular verse in Acts captures the tension between societal expectations of literacy and spiritual authority. It is a moment in which divine empowerment confounds cultural norms. Peter and John—untrained, ordinary men—speak with authority before the religious elite, leaving the Sanhedrin astonished. But the key to their influence was not education, but communion: “They had been with Jesus.” Three pivotal works help reframe this reality: Allen Hilton’s Illiterate Apostles , Chris Keith...