๐ ๐ซ๐จ๐ฆ ๐๐จ๐ง๐ ๐ฎ๐ ๐ญ๐จ ๐๐ข๐ฅ๐๐ง๐๐: ๐๐ก๐ ๐๐๐๐ฅ๐ข๐ง๐ ๐จ๐ ๐๐๐ญ๐ข๐ง ๐๐ข๐ญ๐๐ซ๐๐๐ฒ ๐๐ฆ๐จ๐ง๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐๐ข๐ญ๐ฒ ๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐๐๐ข๐๐ฏ๐๐ฅ ๐๐ก๐ฎ๐ซ๐๐ก
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๐ซ๐จ๐ฆ ๐๐จ๐ง๐ ๐ฎ๐ ๐ญ๐จ ๐๐ข๐ฅ๐๐ง๐๐ : ๐๐ก๐ ๐๐๐๐ฅ๐ข๐ง๐ ๐จ๐ ๐๐๐ญ๐ข๐ง ๐๐ข๐ญ๐๐ซ๐๐๐ฒ ๐๐ฆ๐จ๐ง๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐๐ข๐ญ๐ฒ ๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐๐๐ข๐๐ฏ๐๐ฅ ๐๐ก๐ฎ๐ซ๐๐ก Introduction In the early centuries of the Christian Church, Latin stood as the dominant language of liturgy, scholarship, and governance in the West. By late antiquity, Latin was not only the language of the Roman Empire but also the medium through which the Scriptures, theological reflections, and ecclesiastical decrees were communicated. However, as the medieval period progressed, Latin literacy among the laity—especially outside urban centers—declined dramatically. This decline was neither abrupt nor accidental but the result of several intertwined social, educational, political, and ecclesiastical developments. Understanding the erosion of Latin literacy and its consequences for medieval Christianity sheds light on how language shaped access to faith, knowledge, and power in the pre-modern world....